Farnsworth House

The Farnsworth House, also known as the Edith Farnsworth House, is a seminal work of modernist architecture designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Located in Plano, Illinois, approximately 60 miles southwest of Chicago, the house was constructed between 1945 and 1951 as a weekend retreat for Dr. Edith Farnsworth, a Chicago-based physician. It stands as a quintessential example of the International Style, emphasizing minimalism, open space, and a harmonious relationship with nature. 

Architectural Design and Philosophy The Farnsworth House embodies Mies van der Rohe's philosophy of "less is more." The structure consists of two horizontal slabs (floor and roof) supported by eight steel columns, creating an open-plan interior enclosed by floor-to-ceiling glass walls. This design blurs the boundaries between indoor and outdoor spaces, allowing the surrounding landscape to become an integral part of the living experience. The house's simplicity and transparency reflect Mies's commitment to clarity and order in architectural form. 

Historical Context and Construction Commissioned in 1945, the design of the Farnsworth House was completed in time for inclusion in a 1947 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Construction began in 1950 and was substantially completed by 1951. However, the project was marred by a publicized dispute between Mies and Dr. Farnsworth over budget overruns and design decisions, leading to legal action. Despite these challenges, the house was completed and has since been recognized as a masterpiece of modern architecture. 

Preservation and Public Access In 2003, the National Trust for Historic Preservation acquired the Farnsworth House, ensuring its preservation and opening it to the public as a museum. Visitors can experience firsthand the architectural innovation and serene setting that define this iconic structure. The house has been designated a National Historic Landmark and continues to attract architecture enthusiasts from around the world. 

Legacy and Influence The Farnsworth House has had a profound impact on modern architecture, influencing subsequent designs that emphasize minimalism and integration with nature. Its design principles can be seen in other notable works, such as Philip Johnson's Glass House. The Farnsworth House remains a testament to Mies van der Rohe's vision and a symbol of modernist ideals in residential architecture.